（新課改省份專用）2020高考英語大一輪復習 Unit 3 A taste of English humour教案（含解析）新人教版必修4.doc

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Unit 3 A taste of English humour 一、課前基礎(chǔ)自查 (一)分類記單詞——省時高效 Ⅰ.閱讀單詞(知其意) 1.verbal adj.　　　　　　　　口頭的 2.nonverbal adj. 不用語言的 3.depressed adj. 憂愁的；沮喪的 4.charming adj. 迷人的；有魅力的 5.moustache n. 小胡子 6.wornout adj. 磨破的；穿舊的 7.leather n. 皮革 8.chew vt.& vi. 嚼碎；咀嚼(食物) 9.costume n. 服裝；戲裝 10.budget n. 預算；開支 11.actress n. 女演員 12.pancake n. 烙餅；薄餅 13.detective n. 偵探 14.vast adj. 巨大的；遼闊的 15.porridge n. 粥；麥片粥 16.edy n. 喜劇 Ⅱ.重點單詞(寫其形) 1.content adj.　　滿足的；滿意的 n. 滿足 vt. 使?jié)M足 2.ordinary adj. 平常的；普通的 3.throughout prep. 遍及；貫穿 adv. 到處；始終；全部 4.overe vt.& vi. 戰(zhàn)勝；克服 5.outstanding adj. 突出的；杰出的；顯著的 6.worn adj. 用舊的；用壞的；破爛的 7.gesture n. 姿態(tài)；手勢 vi. 做手勢 8.occasion n. 時刻；場合 9.slide vt.& vi. (使)滑動；(使)滑行 n. 滑；滑動；幻燈片 10.whisper n. 耳語；低語 vt.& vi. 低語；小聲說 Ⅲ.拓展單詞(通其變) 1.humour n．幽默；滑稽→humorous adj.幽默的；滑稽的 2.performer n．表演者→perform vt.表演→performance n．表演 3.astonish vt.使驚詫→astonishing adj.令人感到驚訝的→astonishment n．驚詫；震驚→astonished adj.感到驚訝的 4.fortunate adj.幸運的；吉利的→fortunately adv.幸運地→unfortunately adv.不幸地→fortune n．運氣；財富 5.entertain vt.& vi.使歡樂；款待→entertaining adj.愉快的；有趣的→entertainment n．娛樂；款待 6.convince vt.使信服→convincing adj.令人信服的→convinced adj.堅信不移的；確信的 7.direct vt.& vi.導演；指示；指揮adj.直的；直接的；直率的→direction n．指導；方向→director n．導演→directly adv.直接地；徑直地conj.一……就…… 8.particular adj.特殊的；特別的；挑剔的n.細節(jié)；細目→particularly adv.特殊地；特別地 9.amuse vt.使發(fā)笑；使愉快→amusing adj.好笑的；有趣的→amused adj.逗樂的→amusement n．愉快；快樂 10.explanation n．解釋；講解；說明→explain vt.解釋；說明 11.react vi.作出反應；回應→reaction n．反應；回應 12.bored adj.厭煩的→boring adj.令人厭煩的 13.failure n．失敗(者)；失敗的人或事→fail vi.失敗 14.mess n．臟或亂的狀態(tài)→messy adj.臟的；亂的 [語境活用] 1.The famous performer is said to have performed a humorous performance at yesterdays evening party, which leaves a deep impression on the audience.(perform) 2.To my astonishment,_he didnt feel astonished at the astonishing news that his brother died at all.(astonish) 3.Fortunately,_when he went abroad to try his fortune,_he gained great wealth.(fortune) 4.The children in the mountain village have no entertainment,_so their teachers often tell entertaining stories to entertain them after class.(entertain) 5.The boy is particularly interested in making model planes but he is not particular about what he eats.(particular) 6.After school, she directly went off in the direction of the cinema to see the new film directed by the famous director.(direct) 7.Although he failed many times, he didnt admit he was a failure.He would face the challenge bravely and tried to achieve his goal.(fail) 8.She tried to convince me that I was mistaken.What she said was so convincing that I was pletely convinced.(convince) (二)練中記短語——記牢用活 寫準記牢 語境活用(選用左欄短語填空) 1.feel/be_content_with　　對……滿足 2.up_to_now 直到現(xiàn)在 3.badly_off 窮的；缺少的 4.star_in 在……擔任主角；主演 5.cut_off 切斷；斷絕 6.pick_out 挑出；辨別出 7.in_particular 尤其；特別 8.convince_sb.of_sth. 使某人相信某事 9.pick_up 收聽；(偶然)學會 10.react_to 對……作出反應；回應 1.Up_to_now,_the dog has bee a member of our family and everyone enjoys its pany. 2.I mentioned that point in_particular,_for it was quite important. 3.In 2018, Maria starred_in a popular film directed by a famous director. 4.As the summer vacation is approaching, its high time that parents picked_out some training courses for their children. 5.I dont know how Mr.Brown will react_to the news that his son has won first place in the petition. 6.Mary felt cut_off from the outside world, since she lacked an Internet connection and couldnt receive any email.  (三)仿寫明句式——以用為本 教材原句 句式解讀 句式仿寫 1.As Victor Hugo once said, “Laughter is the sun that drives winter from the human face” ... 維克多雨果曾經(jīng)說過：“笑容如陽光，能驅(qū)走人們臉上的冬天”…… as引導定語從句，代替后面句子的內(nèi)容。 常言道，只學不玩，再聰明的孩子也會變傻。 As_the_old_saying_goes,_all work and no play makes Jack a dull boy. 2.Unfortunately his father died, leaving the family even worse off ... 不幸的是他的父親去世了，使得他的家境更加艱難…… 現(xiàn)在分詞短語作結(jié)果狀語。 他跑得很快，結(jié)果打破了運動會紀錄。 He ran very fast, breaking_the_record of the sports meeting. 3.Then he picks out the lace of the shoe and eats it as if it were spaghetti. 然后他挑出鞋帶來吃，像是吃意大利面條一樣。 as if引導方式狀語從句，當表示與事實不相符的情況時，通常用虛擬語氣。 那個孩子跟我們談起話來像個成年人似的。 The child talks to us as if he were_a_grownup. 二、課堂重點深化 1．content adj.滿足的；滿意的n.滿足；內(nèi)容；目錄vt.使?jié)M足 　[自主體驗] 單句語法填空 ①That rich man is tired of city life, so he is content to_live (live) in the country. ②They seemed as if they had been content with the present situation. ③She dropped her purse and the contents (content) fell out on the floor. 　[系統(tǒng)歸納] (1)feel/be content with　　　 對……滿足/滿意 be content to do sth. 滿足于做某事 (2)content oneself with 滿足于 　[重點強化] 佳句時時寫 ④Those will surely make no difference in life.They content themselves with their present situations.(句式升級) →Those who_are_content_with_their_present_situations will surely make no difference in life.(content adj.；定語從句) 僻義牢牢記 ⑤It is advisable to look at the contents page of a book before buying it.目錄 2．a(chǎn)stonish vt.使驚詫 　[自主體驗] 單句語法填空 ①(2018全國卷Ⅲ)He turned up at the hospital bearing gifts for the new mother Lindsey and her baby boy.Lindseys husband was totally astonished (astonish) by the unexpected visit. ②He was astonished to_see (see) how his hometown had changed in the past 10 years. 　[系統(tǒng)歸納] (1)It astonishes sb.that ...　　 令某人驚訝的是 (2)astonishing adj. 令人感到驚訝的 astonished adj. 感到驚訝的 be astonished at/by sth. 因/對某事感到驚訝 be astonished to do sth. 對做某事感到驚訝 (3)astonishment n. 驚詫；震驚 to ones astonishment 令某人驚訝的是 　[重點強化] 易錯對對碰(astonishing/astonished) ③I find it quite astonishing that none of you like the play. ④But the result will e, and you will be astonished at the changes. 佳句時時寫(一句多譯) 使我萬分驚訝的是，她仍然記得我的名字！ ⑤Much_to_my_astonishment,_she still remembered my name！(astonishment) ⑥What_astonished_me_most_was_that she still remembered my name！(astonish；主語從句) 3．convince vt.使信服；使相信 　[自主體驗] 單句語法填空 ①There is now convincing (convince) evidence that smoking causes lung cancer. ②You need to convince them of your enthusiasm for the job. ③They tried to convince him to_support (support) them. 　[系統(tǒng)歸納] (1)convince sb.to do sth.　　 說服某人做某事 convince sb.of sth. 使某人相信某事 convince sb.that ... 使某人相信…… (2)convinced adj. 確信的；堅信不移的 be convinced of/that ... 相信…… (3)convincing adj. 令人信服的；有說服力的 　[重點強化] 易錯對對碰(convincing/convinced) ④Its a convincing speech and Im convinced that many people will benefit from it. 佳句時時寫 ⑤(2017全國卷Ⅱ書面表達)I believe that you like papercutting, so Id like to invite you to visit the exhibition.(升級加藍詞匯，分詞作狀語) →Convinced_that_you_like_papercutting,_Id_like_to_invite_you_to_visit_the_exhibition. 4．direct vt.& vi.導演；指示；命令；指揮adj.直的；直接的；直率的 　[自主體驗] 寫出下列句中direct的詞性和詞義 ①A policeman stood in the middle of the road, directing the traffic.vt.指揮 ②(2017北京高考)Now we have the most direct evidence yet that he is right.adj.直接的 ③The film Miss Granny directed by Hwang Donghyuk is popular with young people.vt.導演 ④He directed that we (should) keep calm in the face of danger.vt.指示；命令 　[系統(tǒng)歸納] (1)direct sb.to do sth.　 指示/命令某人做某事 (2)direction n. 方向；方位；指示；說明書(復數(shù)) in the direction of 朝……方向 in all directions＝in every direction　 朝四面八方 (3)directly adv. 直接地；徑直地 conj. 一……就…… 　[重點強化] 佳句時時寫(一句多譯) 我一交上論文就意識到我犯了個錯誤。 ⑤I knew I had made a mistake directly_I_handed_in my paper.(directly) ⑥Hardly_had_I_handed_in_my_paper_when I knew I had made a mistake.(hardly ...when) ⑦No_sooner_had_I_handed_in_my_paper_than I knew I had made a mistake.(no sooner ...than) 僻義牢牢記 ⑧If you had read the directions carefully, some mistakes would have been avoided.說明書 5．particularly adv.尤其；特別地；特殊地 　[自主體驗] 單句語法填空 ①He is a very openminded man, and wont be particular about these small things. ②This kind of food is rich in nutrition, and in particular it contains a lot of minerals. 　[系統(tǒng)歸納] (1)particular adj.　　　　　　 特殊的；特別的；挑剔的 n. 細節(jié)；細目 be particular about/over sth. 對某事講究/挑剔 (2)in particular＝particularly 尤其；特別地；格外地 　[重點強化] 佳句時時寫 ③(2018全國卷Ⅰ書面表達)在中國參加朋友的晚宴時， 你要行為舉止恰當，尤其要注意餐桌禮儀。 When you attend your friends dinner party in China, youd better behave properly, particularly_paying_attention_to_your_table_manners. 僻義牢牢記 ④For further particulars, contact the secretary of the office.細節(jié) 1．pick out挑出；辨別出；領(lǐng)會；理解 　[自主體驗] 寫出下列句中pick out的含義 ①A petition was held to pick out the best table tennis players.挑出 ②There were so many people at the conference that I couldnt pick him out.辨別出 ③Having read the passage many times, I finally picked out its main idea.領(lǐng)會；理解 　[系統(tǒng)歸納] pick up　拿起；收拾；整理；(偶然)學會；用車接某人；收聽到；(身體)好轉(zhuǎn) pick ones pocket 扒竊；掏包 　[重點強化] 易錯對對碰(pick out/pick up) ④My friend began to pick_up after staying in hospital for several days. ⑤She was picked_out from thousands of applicants for the job. 佳句時時寫(詞匯升級) ⑥If it is convenient for you, can you meet me at the airport at 11：30 am? →If it is convenient for you, can you pick_me_up at the airport at 11：30 am? 2．cut off切斷；斷絕 　[系統(tǒng)歸納] cut in　　　　　 插嘴；打斷(談話) cut down 砍倒；削減 cut up 切碎；使傷心；使悲傷 cut out 刪掉；剪除 cut away 砍掉；切掉 　[重點強化] 用法條條清(cut in/cut up/cut out) ①She was really cut_up when all her friends refused to help her. ②When you give a speech, youd better cut_out unimportant details. ③It is bad manners for you to always cut_in when other people are talking. 佳句時時寫 ④當這些老人的孩子們住得離他們很遠時，他們就感覺與世隔絕了。 When their children lived far away from them, these old people felt cut_off_from_the_world. 3．a(chǎn)s引導定語從句 [教材原句]　As_Victor_Hugo_once_said,_“Laughter is the sun that drives winter from the human face”， and up to now nobody has been able to do this better than Charlie Chaplin. 　[自主體驗] ①As_the_saying_goes,_“Well begun is half done.” 常言道：“好的開始是成功的一半?！? ②This is the same pen as_I_lost yesterday. 這支鋼筆和我昨天丟失的鋼筆一樣。 ③This is such a difficult question as nobody can work out. →This is such a difficult question that nobody can work it out. 　[歸納點撥] 用法規(guī)則 (1)as引導非限制性定語從句時，有“正如；正像”之意，代指整個主句的內(nèi)容，常放于主句之前，有時也可放在主句之后或主句之中。 (2)as引導限制性定語從句時，先行詞常被the same, such, so等修飾。 (3)在such ...as ...中，as引導限制性定語從句，而such ...that ...中，that引導結(jié)果狀語從句。 注意事項 (1)與as不同，which引導非限制性定語從句時，只能放在句中，意為“這一點”，且無“正如/正像……”之意。 (2)在such ...as ...定語從句中，as在從句中作賓語。 (3)在such ...that ...狀語從句中，that不作任何成分。 　[佳句背誦] ①(增分要點句)(2015四川高考書面表達)As is always the case with language learning, Mandarin learning also calls for lots of practice. ②(增分要點句)The air quality in the city, as is shown in the report, has improved over the past two months. 4．現(xiàn)在分詞短語作結(jié)果狀語 [教材原句]　Unfortunately his father died, leaving_the_family_even_worse_off,_so Charlie spent his childhood looking after his sick mother and his brother. 　[自主體驗] ①The event celebrates its 22nd anniversary with a great show of the very best of gardening, making (make) it one of the most popular events in gardening. ②The fire lasted nearly a month, leaving (leave) nothing valuable. ③They reached the pany out of breath, only to_be_told (tell) they were fired. 　[歸納點撥] (1)現(xiàn)在分詞作結(jié)果狀語常表示意料、情理之中的結(jié)果。 (2)不定式作結(jié)果狀語常表示出乎意料的結(jié)果。 　[佳句背誦] ①(增分要點句)Football is played in many countries, making it a popular sport. ②(增分要點句)The news shocked the public, leading to great concern about students safety at school. 本單元語篇話題與新課程主題語境“人與社會”中的“人物傳記”子話題相對應 一、話題語素積累多一點 話題詞匯記一記 子話題(一)　職位與職稱 溫故淺易詞匯 ①actor　　?、赼ctress　　③clerk　　?、躧ostess ⑤captain ⑥barber ⑦chef ⑧thinker ⑨surgeon ⑩waitress ?pilot 識記生疏詞匯 ①astronaut n．宇航員　　　　②dentist n．牙醫(yī) ③assistant n．助手；助理 ④engineer n．工程師 ⑤accountant n．會計；會計師 ⑥consultant n．顧問 ⑦employee n．雇員 ⑧employer n．雇主 ⑨edian n．喜劇演員 ⑩specialist n．專家 子話題(二)　工作與待遇 溫故淺易詞匯 ①earn　　　?、趏ffer　　 ③train　　 ④ine ⑤retirement ⑥appoint ⑦ability ⑧determine ⑨outstanding ⑩reward ?wage ?chance 識記生疏詞匯 ①attract vt.吸引 　　 ②promote vt.提升；促進 ③wander v．徘徊 ④dismiss vt.開除；解雇 ⑤remend vt.推薦 ⑥profession/occupation n．職業(yè) ⑦interview vt.采訪 ⑧create vt.創(chuàng)造 ⑨applicant n．申請人 ⑩candidate n．候選人；申請人 常用詞塊憶一憶 ①has a gift for painting　　　 有繪畫天賦 ②have a positive attitude towards/to life 對生活有積極的態(tài)度 ③inspire people with great confidence 激勵人們有自信心 ④set a good example to sb. 給某人樹立一個好榜樣 ⑤find a solution 找到一個方法 ⑥in charge of 負責；管理 ⑦be out of work 失業(yè)；下崗 ⑧give up work 放棄工作 ⑨job hunting 求職 ⑩be occupied with 忙于 寫作佳句背一背 ①Between 1930 and 1934, he studied in Tsinghua University and then went to England for further education. ②He has had a strong passion for swimming since he took it up at the age of five. ③While traveling, she called on people to help those in trouble. 二、“分步寫作”表達準一點 概要寫作要點歸納精準化 閱讀下面短文，根據(jù)其內(nèi)容寫一篇60詞左右的內(nèi)容概要。 Weve reached a strange — some would say unusual — point. While fighting world hunger continues to be the matter of vital importance according to a recent report from the World Health Organization (WHO), more people now die from being overweight than from being underweight. Its the good life thats more likely to kill us these days. Worse, nearly 18 million children under the age of five around the world are estimated to be overweight. Whats going on? We really dont have many excuses for our weight problems. The dangers of the problem have been drilled into us by publichealth campaigns since 2001 and the message is getting through — up to a point. In the 1970s, Finland, for example, had the highest rate of heart disease in the world and being overweight was its main cause. Not any more. A publichealth campaign has greatly reduced the number of heart disease deaths by 80 percent over the past three decades. Maybe that explains why the percentage of people in Finland taking diet pills doubled between 2001 and 2005, and doctors even offer surgery of removing fat inside and change the shape of the body. No wonder it ranks as the worlds most bodyconscious country. We know what we should be doing to lose weight — but actually doing it is another matter. By far the most popular excuse is not taking enough exercise. More than half of us admit we lack willpower. Others blame good food. They say: its just too inviting and it makes them overeat. Some also blame their parents — their genes. But unfortunately, the parents are wronged because theyre normal in shape, or rather slim. Its a similar story around the world, although people are relatively unlikely to have tried to lose weight. Parents are eager to see their kids shape up. Do as I say — not as I do. [寫作步驟] 第一步：歸納主旨大意 主旨大意：本文是一篇議論文。文章以論證的方式說明了優(yōu)質(zhì)生活導致的肥胖問題給人們的健康帶來的危害，呼吁人們積極行動遠離肥胖，不要再找借口。 短文結(jié)構(gòu)分析：全文分為四個部分。 第一部分(第一、二段)：優(yōu)質(zhì)生活成了人們健康的殺手； 第二部分(第三、四段)：始于2001年的公眾健康運動讓人們意識到肥胖的危害以及在減少肥胖方面所起的作用； 第三部分(第五、六段)：人們采取消極行動去減肥； 第四部分(第七、八段)：人們不要再找借口，應該積極采取行動遠離肥胖。 第二步：提煉關(guān)鍵詞 Part 1： 1.More people now die_from_being_overweight than from being underweight. 2．Its the good_life thats more likely to kill_us these days. Part 2： 3.The dangers of the problem have been drilled into us by publichealth_campaigns since 2001. 4．In Finland, a publichealth campaign has greatly reduced the number of heart_disease deaths by 80 percent over the past three decades. Part 3： 5.Maybe that explains why the percentage of people in Finland taking_diet_pills doubled between 2001 and 2005. 6．We know what_we_should_be_doing_to_lose_weight — but actually doing it is another matter. 7．By far the most popular excuse is not_taking_enough_exercise. Part 4： 8.Others blame good food. 9．Its a similar story around the world, although people are relatively unlikely_to_have_tried_to_lose_weight. 第三步：合并和改寫 1．要點1和2 合并：Good life is more likely to kill us and more people now die from being overweight. 改寫：Good life bees the_killer_of_our_health and more people now die from being overweight. 2．要點3和4 合并：People have gradually realized the dangers of being overweight through publichealth campaigns since 2001 and the number of heart disease deaths has been greatly reduced in Finland. 改寫：Since 2001 people have gradually bee_aware_of the dangers of being overweight through publichealth campaigns. 3．要點5和6 合并：Many people took diet pills to lose weight though they knew what they should be doing to lose weight. 改寫：Many people took_some_negative_measures to lose weight though they knew what they should be doing to lose weight. 4．要點7、8和9 合并：People should stop making excuses and take positive action to lose weight. 改寫：Although there are some excuses like lack of exercise, people should act_positively to lose weight. 第四步：核查成文 核查連貫性，優(yōu)先考慮使用最短連接詞；核查標點和語法；核查詞數(shù)。最終成文如下： Nowadays,_good_life_bees_the_killer_of_our_health_and_more_people_now_die_from_being_overweight._(要點1)_Since_2001_people_have_gradually_bee_aware_of_the dangers_of_being_overweight_through_publichealth_campaigns._(要點2)_Regrettably, many_people_took_some_negative_measures_to_lose_weight_though_they_knew_what_they_should_be_doing_to_lose_weight._(要點3)_Although_there_are_some_excuses_like_lack of_exercise,_people_should_act_positively_to_lose_weight._(要點4) 一、復現(xiàn)單元考點——增強備考信心 Ⅰ.高考中的語法填空 1．(2018天津高考)Despite recent advancements in 3D food printing, the industry has many challenges to_overe (overe)． 2．(2017全國卷Ⅰ)Moran says one of the problems with jazz today is that the entertainment (entertain) aspect of the music has been lost. 3．(2017全國卷Ⅱ)Once, while working overnight at a store, he let a homeless (home) man sleep in his truck. 4．(2017全國卷Ⅱ)I first met Paul Newman in 1968, when George Roy Hill, the director (direct) of Butch Cassidy and the Sundance Kid, introduced us in New York City. 5．(2017江蘇高考)Human beings will continue to adapt to the changing climate in both ordinary and astonishing (astonish) ways. 6．(2017天津高考)Another 15 minutes passed and I grew bored (boring)． 7．(2016北京高考)It was a cold January in 1925 in Nome, Alaska.The town was cut off from the rest of the world due to heavy snow. Ⅱ.高考中的完形填空 (選用content, convince, perform, budget, fortunately填空) 1．(2018全國卷Ⅱ完形填空)The instructors called for an ambulance.__55__， after a brief stay in hospital, Ben was well enough to be allowed to leave and later the family met up for dinner.We chatted about everything and then Ben turned to me.“I just want to say thank you，” he said.“You saved my life！”Fortunately 2．(2018江蘇高考完形填空)This was a long journey of unaccustomed hardship and surprising recovery.When leaving home, Raynor and Moth had just ￡320 in the bank.They planned to keep the __41__ low by living on boiled noodles, with the occasional hamburger shop treat.budget 3．(2017全國卷Ⅰ完形填空)The story began during my first week at college.I watched as the ASL Club __47__ their translation of a song.Both the hand movements and the very idea of municating without speaking attracted me.What I saw was pletely unlike anything I had experienced in the past.This newness just left me wanting more.performed 4．(2012江西高考完形填空)Several thoughts crossed my mind as I watched him work.He wasnt welldressed.He had on a pair of shorts and a simple Tshirt.The bicycle he rode was not by any means the kind modern cyclists would want to be seen riding on.But he seemed __47__ with life.content 5．(2012浙江高考完形填空)Oscar __28__ the manager to look in the record of advance ticket sales.Just as he thought, a name matched the seat where Oscar had found the umbrella.The name was Mrs.Katie OBrien.convinced 二、復現(xiàn)話題詞匯——提高閱讀準度 新高考下的命題新視角：在每一個時代，都會出現(xiàn)讓我們敬佩的人物。他們憑借深邃的思想、叱咤風云的政治生涯或者在科學領(lǐng)域中卓越的貢獻等，在歷史長河中留下濃墨重彩的一筆。閱讀他們的傳記，了解他們的生平、思想、智慧以及人格魅力，不僅是對一個人生命的鑒賞，也能遇見一段未能見識的人生?！叭宋飩饔洝鳖愒掝}也逐漸成為高考熱點，因此平時多涉獵名人事跡介紹，增加知識儲備。 [話題感悟] 學習目標 ——語篇復現(xiàn)詞匯，活學活用記憶更深 (加藍詞匯為本單元話題詞匯，讀文時請揣摩其用法) [1] Reese Witherspoon was born on March 22, 1976 in New Orleans, Louisiana.She is the second child of the family.Reese spent the first four years of her life in Wiesbaden, Germany, where her father John Witherspoon served in the US Army Reserves.Shortly after, John moved the family back to the United States, settling in Nashville, Tennessee. [2] Reese was introduced to the entertainment industry at a very early age.At age 7, she began modeling.This led to appearances on several local television mercials.At age 11, she was placed firs