中央開(kāi)放教育電大物流管理專業(yè)《供應(yīng)鏈管理》練習(xí)題答案.doc

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《供應(yīng)鏈管理》練習(xí)題答案 《職業(yè)技能實(shí)訓(xùn)一》 物流管理專業(yè)《供應(yīng)鏈管理》練習(xí)題答案 1. 倉(cāng)儲(chǔ)裝備的核心是(貨架 )。 2. 集裝裝備的最大優(yōu)點(diǎn)在于(減少裝卸次數(shù) )。 3. 條形碼技術(shù)屬于（物流信息標(biāo)志與采集技術(shù) ）。 4. 在交通運(yùn)輸領(lǐng)域其經(jīng)營(yíng)的對(duì)象分為人和物兩大類。其中“物”統(tǒng)稱為（貨物）。 5. 具有使物流的職能更明確，能夠擴(kuò)大企業(yè)物流經(jīng)營(yíng)的比重，增加企業(yè)物流活動(dòng)，保證整體生產(chǎn)和營(yíng)銷的協(xié)調(diào)等優(yōu)點(diǎn)的組織結(jié)構(gòu)是（功能獨(dú)立型物流組織 ）。 6. 對(duì)客戶實(shí)行有差別的客戶服務(wù)，帶領(lǐng)自己的客戶群和其他物流企業(yè)，將其所在的整個(gè)物流市場(chǎng)推上新的服務(wù)平臺(tái)的階段是（市場(chǎng)創(chuàng)新階段 ）。 7. 物流質(zhì)量具體包含以下內(nèi)容：（客戶服務(wù)質(zhì)量 ）、物品質(zhì)量、工作質(zhì)量、工程質(zhì)量。 8. 反映了倉(cāng)庫(kù)的最大存儲(chǔ)能力的參數(shù)是（倉(cāng)容 ）。 9. 逆向物流由于(環(huán)境經(jīng)濟(jì)的要求)成為社會(huì)物流與企業(yè)物流的結(jié)合。 10. 對(duì)一般客戶群提供( 無(wú)差別一致性 )服務(wù)。 11. 物流基礎(chǔ)模數(shù)尺寸為（ 600m*400m ）。 12. 在產(chǎn)品和市場(chǎng)分類中，屬于戰(zhàn)略開(kāi)發(fā)過(guò)程步驟的是（以上都是 ） 13. 實(shí)體配送從屬于(銷售 )過(guò)程，而不是獨(dú)立的物流系統(tǒng)。 14. 企業(yè)供應(yīng)物流是從外界(輸入物料及相關(guān)功能運(yùn)作)啟動(dòng)企業(yè)物流過(guò)程。 15. 關(guān)系檔次是松散隨機(jī)、服務(wù)目標(biāo)是客戶滿意度,這類的客戶是（一般客戶 ）。 16. 不屬于一般附加險(xiǎn)的是（拒收險(xiǎn) ）。 17. 18. 物流存在于(制造 )類型企業(yè)中。 19. 由船舶、航空器載運(yùn)入境并由原裝運(yùn)輸工具載運(yùn)出境的貨物是（通運(yùn)貨物 ）。 20. 在現(xiàn)代制造業(yè)中，物流環(huán)節(jié)的(A和B)超過(guò)制造環(huán)節(jié)的加工成本。 21. 實(shí)行網(wǎng)狀責(zé)任制的是（聯(lián)運(yùn)單證統(tǒng)一規(guī)則 ）。 22. 采購(gòu)市場(chǎng)調(diào)查程序是（確定目標(biāo)—確定項(xiàng)目—確定方案—設(shè)計(jì)表格—收集資料—分析整理—編寫報(bào)告?。? 23. 抽樣調(diào)查法的根據(jù)是（局部樣本的總和可以代表總體對(duì)象?。? 24. 為確保調(diào)查結(jié)果的客觀性，抽樣調(diào)查主要采取（隨機(jī)抽樣?。?。 25. (成本誘因 )是采購(gòu)作業(yè)成本分析的主要信息。 26. (缺貨成本 )是由于物料供應(yīng)中斷產(chǎn)生的經(jīng)營(yíng)陛損失。 27. 采購(gòu)談判有三大影響因素，下面不是采購(gòu)談判影響因素的是(談判計(jì)劃的制定 )。 28. 混合化采購(gòu)方式適用于(分級(jí)采購(gòu)權(quán)限 )。 29. 預(yù)測(cè)基本方法按主客觀因素所起的作用可以分為(主觀預(yù)測(cè)和統(tǒng)計(jì)預(yù)測(cè) )兩種。 30. 普通采用的定性預(yù)測(cè)方法是（經(jīng)驗(yàn)判斷法　）。 31. 工序檢驗(yàn)通常不包括(完工檢驗(yàn) )。 32. (成批進(jìn)貨檢驗(yàn) )屬于進(jìn)貨檢驗(yàn)形式。 33. 物流預(yù)測(cè)應(yīng)用的定量預(yù)測(cè)方法是（時(shí)間序列預(yù)測(cè)法 ）。 34. 采購(gòu)談判的程序是（準(zhǔn)備—摸底—詢價(jià)—磋商—成交—檢查協(xié)議文本?。?。 35. 采購(gòu)認(rèn)證的流程是（準(zhǔn)備—初選供應(yīng)商—初次試制認(rèn)證—中試認(rèn)證—批量認(rèn)證—認(rèn)證供應(yīng)評(píng)估?。? 36. 采購(gòu)認(rèn)證計(jì)劃編制有以下一些內(nèi)容，①準(zhǔn)備環(huán)境資料和認(rèn)證計(jì)劃說(shuō)明書，②接受開(kāi)發(fā)批量需求，③綜合平衡需求與容量，④確定認(rèn)證計(jì)劃，流程正確的是（2.1.3.4 ）。 37. (絕對(duì)濕度)是單位體積空氣中所含水蒸氣的質(zhì)量。 38. 選擇搬運(yùn)設(shè)備時(shí)一般不考慮(搬運(yùn)活性和靈活性)。 39. 吸濕后固體不潮、不溶、不污染庫(kù)存商品，沒(méi)有腐蝕性的吸潮方法是(硅膠)。 40. (堆垛機(jī))是專門用來(lái)堆碼或提升貨物的機(jī)械。 41. (可剝性塑料)是保護(hù)層透明，耐候性好，防銹期長(zhǎng)，適用于鋼、鐵、銅、鋁等金屬的防銹蝕材料。 42. (牽引車)是適合于運(yùn)送作業(yè)地點(diǎn)固定的大量小型貨物的機(jī)械。 43. 垛距一般為0.5~0.8m，主要通道為（2.5—4米 ）。 44. 將庫(kù)存商品分為若干部分，再按順序一部分、一部分地進(jìn)行盤點(diǎn)，到了月末或期末則對(duì)每部分商品至少完成一次盤點(diǎn)的方法是(循環(huán)盤點(diǎn))。 45. 按裝卸及搬運(yùn)兩種作業(yè)性質(zhì)不同可分成（裝卸機(jī)械）和裝卸搬運(yùn)機(jī)械。 46. 在整個(gè)出庫(kù)業(yè)務(wù)程序過(guò)程中，兩個(gè)最為關(guān)鍵的環(huán)節(jié)是復(fù)核和(點(diǎn)交)。 47. 按（機(jī)具工作臺(tái)原理）不同可分為叉車類、吊車類、輸送機(jī)類、作業(yè)車類、管道輸送設(shè)備類。 48. (點(diǎn)交)是劃清倉(cāng)庫(kù)和提貨方兩者責(zé)任的必要手段。 49. 按貨架的適用性分類，可分為通用貨架和（專用貨架）。 50. (平板托盤)是無(wú)上層裝置的托盤。 51. (使用方法一致)不屬于分類儲(chǔ)存原則。 52. 倉(cāng)庫(kù)接收商品的憑證是入庫(kù)通知單和(訂貨合同副本)。 53. 貨物保管作業(yè)中，(發(fā)運(yùn)地區(qū)相近貨物)按貨物的種類和性質(zhì)分類。 54. 倉(cāng)容定額是指在一定條件下，單位面積允許存放商品的(最高數(shù)量)。 55. （商品編碼 ）就是對(duì)商品按分類內(nèi)容進(jìn)行有序編排，并用簡(jiǎn)明的文字、符號(hào)或數(shù)字來(lái)代替商品的“名稱”“類別”。 56. (行政區(qū)域)設(shè)置不是影響倉(cāng)庫(kù)面積有效率的因素。 57. 長(zhǎng)形的鋼材、鋼管及木方的堆碼，最好采用（井型垛 ）。 58. 倉(cāng)儲(chǔ)理貨部門按照配送計(jì)劃將客戶所需的商品進(jìn)行分揀、加工和配送，進(jìn)行適當(dāng)?shù)模òb ）。 59. 某項(xiàng)商品盤點(diǎn)后發(fā)現(xiàn)，實(shí)際庫(kù)存數(shù)為100件，但賬面庫(kù)存數(shù)為102件，則該商品的盤點(diǎn)數(shù)量誤差率為（-2% ）。 60. ( 盤差損失率 )不是計(jì)算盤點(diǎn)差錯(cuò)率的指標(biāo)。 61. （整進(jìn)零出、零進(jìn)整出　）的倉(cāng)庫(kù)作業(yè)流程比較復(fù)雜。 62. 關(guān)于貨位規(guī)劃的說(shuō)法，不正確的是（一種商品的存儲(chǔ)貨位要盡可能多于實(shí)際需要，以免浪費(fèi)使用面積 ）。 63. 某商品年度需求量10000件,年度存儲(chǔ)成本為商品單價(jià)20%,每次訂貨成本20元,每次訂貨量0～499件時(shí)單價(jià)5元,500～999件單價(jià)4.5元,1000件以上時(shí)單價(jià)3.9元?jiǎng)t最佳量為（1000 ）。 64. 滅火的基本方法有（拆除法、冷卻法、窒息法、隔離法 ）和分散法。 65. (對(duì)應(yīng)性、完整性、簡(jiǎn)單性)是商品編碼的原則。 66. (節(jié)約、整齊、定量)是堆垛的基本要求。 67. 以下屬于商品出庫(kù)的送貨形式特點(diǎn)的是(發(fā)貨等車、按車排貨、預(yù)先付貨)。 68. 商品編碼的方法有（暗示編碼法、數(shù)字法、字母法、實(shí)際意義編碼法 ）。 69. 常見(jiàn)的貨位編號(hào)方法有（品類群法、區(qū)段法、地址法 ）。 70. (嚴(yán)格驗(yàn)收、安排儲(chǔ)存場(chǎng)所、加強(qiáng)倉(cāng)庫(kù)溫濕度控制)屬于商品養(yǎng)護(hù)措施。 71. 數(shù)量驗(yàn)收的具體方法有（整車復(fù)衡法、點(diǎn)件復(fù)衡法、理論換算法 ）。 72. 倉(cāng)庫(kù)接收商品的憑證包括(發(fā)貨明細(xì)表、材料證明書、運(yùn)單)。 73. 驗(yàn)收后對(duì)商品的型號(hào)（數(shù)量、質(zhì)量、規(guī)格 ）等都應(yīng)做好詳細(xì)的驗(yàn)收記錄，并提出驗(yàn)收的結(jié)論和處理意見(jiàn)。 74. 商品到達(dá)倉(cāng)庫(kù)后，倉(cāng)庫(kù)人員應(yīng)對(duì)商品進(jìn)行檢驗(yàn)，屬于檢驗(yàn)的內(nèi)容項(xiàng)目是（質(zhì)量檢驗(yàn)、包裝檢驗(yàn)、數(shù)量檢驗(yàn) ）。 75. 庫(kù)房?jī)?nèi)部布置的主要目的是為了提高庫(kù)房?jī)?nèi)作業(yè)的靈活性和有效利用庫(kù)房?jī)?nèi)部的空間。下列說(shuō)法中正確的是（流通型的倉(cāng)庫(kù)應(yīng)側(cè)重于揀貨區(qū)和出庫(kù)準(zhǔn)備區(qū)的建設(shè)、儲(chǔ)備型的倉(cāng)庫(kù)應(yīng)側(cè)重于提高庫(kù)房?jī)?chǔ)存面積占庫(kù)房總面積的比例 ）。 76. 擬定裝卸搬運(yùn)作業(yè)計(jì)劃應(yīng)考慮(搬運(yùn)效率、搬運(yùn)過(guò)程流暢性、移動(dòng)裝運(yùn)的規(guī)模經(jīng)濟(jì)性 )。 77. 物品儲(chǔ)存期間的變化與儲(chǔ)存的外界因素有密切關(guān)系，這些外界因素主要包括（人為因素、自然因素 ）。 78. 貨物堆垛時(shí)要考慮提高倉(cāng)容利用率，以下哪些是提高倉(cāng)容利用率的最有效方法？（堆高垛、減少通道寬度、數(shù)量） 79. 倉(cāng)庫(kù)內(nèi)部布置主要包括(庫(kù)房?jī)?nèi)部布置、倉(cāng)庫(kù)總平面布置、倉(cāng)庫(kù)作業(yè)區(qū)布置 )。 80. 以下哪些選項(xiàng)是商品出庫(kù)的復(fù)核形式？（環(huán)環(huán)復(fù)核、交叉復(fù)核專職復(fù)核） 81. 為了搞好商品養(yǎng)護(hù)工作，倉(cāng)管人員必須研究(對(duì)外因的控制技術(shù)、制定貨物的合理?yè)p耗率、制定貨物的安全儲(chǔ)存期限 )。 82. 預(yù)定儲(chǔ)位應(yīng)做(組織人力、安排倉(cāng)容 )工作。 83. 下列屬于倉(cāng)庫(kù)貨物保管基本措施手段的是（通風(fēng)、濕度控制、溫度控制 ） 84. 倉(cāng)庫(kù)管理系統(tǒng)由若干子系統(tǒng)構(gòu)成，包括(出庫(kù)系統(tǒng)、保管系統(tǒng)、入庫(kù)系統(tǒng) )。 85. 庫(kù)存物品移動(dòng)的規(guī)模經(jīng)濟(jì)性要求倉(cāng)庫(kù)作業(yè)活動(dòng)盡可能實(shí)現(xiàn)（物品搬運(yùn)的最大容量、搬運(yùn)最大數(shù)量?。?。 86. 庫(kù)存商品盤點(diǎn)作業(yè)的作用表現(xiàn)為(確定現(xiàn)有量、核實(shí)管理成效、確認(rèn)企業(yè)損益 )。 87. 庫(kù)存物品的化學(xué)性質(zhì)與物品存放質(zhì)量的好壞緊密相關(guān)，與物品儲(chǔ)存相關(guān)的化學(xué)性質(zhì)包括（化學(xué)穩(wěn)定性、爆炸性、腐蝕性 ）等。 88. 物品儲(chǔ)存規(guī)劃的方法是（分區(qū)、定位保管、分類　）。 89. 商品驗(yàn)收的基本要求（及時(shí)、準(zhǔn)確、嚴(yán)格、經(jīng)濟(jì) ）。 90. 商品質(zhì)量檢驗(yàn)內(nèi)容包括(尺寸檢驗(yàn)、外觀檢驗(yàn))。 91. (按商品流向分區(qū)分類、按不同貨主分區(qū)分類、按商品危險(xiǎn)性分區(qū)分類)屬于貨物分區(qū)分類方法。 92. 驗(yàn)收作業(yè)流程包括（核對(duì)憑證、檢驗(yàn)實(shí)物、驗(yàn)收準(zhǔn)備 ）、做好驗(yàn)收記錄等 93. 檢驗(yàn)實(shí)物就是根據(jù)入庫(kù)單和有關(guān)技術(shù)資料對(duì)實(shí)物進(jìn)行（質(zhì)量、數(shù)量 ）檢驗(yàn)。 94. 以下屬于商品出庫(kù)“三核”要求內(nèi)容的是(帳卡、憑證、實(shí)物)。 95. 按結(jié)構(gòu)分類，常見(jiàn)托盤有(箱形托盤、平板托盤、柱形托盤)。 96. (提前期、保險(xiǎn)儲(chǔ)備量)是影響倉(cāng)容定額的因素。 97. 倉(cāng)庫(kù)防火一般可建立四級(jí)管理制度，即（倉(cāng)庫(kù)、倉(cāng)庫(kù)主管部門、基層班組或具體部位、分庫(kù)或貨區(qū) ）。 98. 以下屬于商品出庫(kù)的自提形式特點(diǎn)的是(提單到庫(kù)、自提自運(yùn)、隨到隨發(fā))。 請(qǐng)您刪除一下內(nèi)容，O(∩_∩)O謝謝?。?！2016年中央電大期末復(fù)習(xí)考試小抄大全，電大期末考試必備小抄，電大考試必過(guò)小抄Basketball can make a true claim to being the only major sport that is an American invention. From high school to the professional level, basketball attracts a large following for live games as well as television coverage of events like the National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) annual tournament and the National Basketball Association (NBA) and Womens National Basketball Association (WNBA) playoffs. And it has also made American heroes out of its player and coach legends like Michael Jordan, Larry Bird, Earvin "Magic" Johnson, Sheryl Swoopes, and other great players. At the heart of the game is the playing space and the equipment. The space is a rectangular, indoor court. The principal pieces of equipment are the two elevated baskets, one at each end (in the long direction) of the court, and the basketball itself. The ball is spherical in shape and is inflated. Basket-balls range in size from 28.5-30 in (72-76 cm) in circumference, and in weight from 18-22 oz (510-624 g). For players below the high school level, a smaller ball is used, but the ball in mens games measures 29.5-30 in (75-76 cm) in circumference, and a womens ball is 28.5-29 in (72-74 cm) in circumference. The covering of the ball is leather, rubber, composition, or synthetic, although leather covers only are dictated by rules for college play, unless the teams agree otherwise. Orange is the regulation color. At all levels of play, the home team provides the ball. Inflation of the ball is based on the height of the balls bounce. Inside the covering or casing, a rubber bladder holds air. The ball must be inflated to a pressure sufficient to make it rebound to a height (measured to the top of the ball) of 49-54 in (1.2-1.4 m) when it is dropped on a solid wooden floor from a starting height of 6 ft (1.80 m) measured from the bottom of the ball. The factory must test the balls, and the air pressure that makes the ball legal in keeping with the bounce test is stamped on the ball. During the intensity of high school and college tourneys and the professional playoffs, this inflated sphere commands considerable attention. Basketball is one of few sports with a known date of birth. On December 1, 1891, in Springfield, Massachusetts, James Naismith hung two half-bushel peach baskets at the opposite ends of a gymnasium and out-lined 13 rules based on five principles to his students at the International Training School of the Young Mens Christian Association (YMCA), which later became Springfield College. Naismith (1861-1939) was a physical education teacher who was seeking a team sport with limited physical contact but a lot of running, jumping, shooting, and the hand-eye coordination required in handling a ball. The peach baskets he hung as goals gave the sport the name of basketball. His students were excited about the game, and Christmas vacation gave them the chance to tell their friends and people at their local YMCAs about the game. The association leaders wrote to Naismith asking for copies of the rules, and they were published in the Triangle, the school newspaper, on January 15,1892. Naismiths five basic principles center on the ball, which was described as "large, light, and handled with the hands." Players could not move the ball by running alone, and none of the players was restricted against handling the ball. The playing area was also open to all players, but there was to be no physical contact between players; the ball was the objective. To score, the ball had to be shot through a horizontal, elevated goal. The team with the most points at the end of an allotted time period wins. Early in the history of basketball, the local YMCAs provided the gymnasiums, and membership in the organization grew rapidly. The size of the local gym dictated the number of players; smaller gyms used five players on a side, and the larger gyms allowed seven to nine. The team size became generally established as five in 1895, and, in 1897, this was made formal in the rules. The YMCA lost interest in supporting the game because 10-20 basketball players monopolized a gymnasium previously used by many more in a variety of activities. YMCA membership dropped, and basketball enthusiasts played in local halls. This led to the building of basketball gymnasiums at schools and colleges and also to the formation of professional leagues. Although basketball was born in the United States, five of Naismiths original players were Canadians, and the game spread to Canada immediately. It was played in France by 1893; England in 1894; Australia, China, and India between 1895 and 1900; and Japan in 1900. From 1891 through 1893, a soccer ball was used to play basketball. The first basketball was manufactured in 1894. It was 32 in (81 cm) in circumference, or about 4 in (10 cm) larger than a soccer ball. The dedicated basketball was made of laced leather and weighed less than 20 oz (567 g). The first molded ball that eliminated the need for laces was introduced in 1948; its construction and size of 30 in (76 cm) were ruled official in 1949. The rule-setters came from several groups early in the 1900s. Colleges and universities established their rules committees in 1905, the YMCA and the Amateur Athletic Union (AAU) created a set of rules jointly, state militia groups abided by a shared set of rules, and there were two professional sets of rules. A Joint Rules Committee for colleges, the AAU, and the YMCA was created in 1915, and, under the name the National Basketball Committee (NBC) made rules for amateur play until 1979. In that year, the National Federation of State High School Associations began governing the sport at the high school level, and the NCAA Rules Committee assumed rule-making responsibilities for junior colleges, colleges, and the Armed Forces, with a similar committee holding jurisdiction over womens basketball. Until World War II, basketball became increasingly popular in the United States especially at the high school and college levels. After World War II, its popularity grew around the world. In the 1980s, interest in the game truly exploded because of television exposure. Broadcast of the NCAA Championship Games began in 1963, and, by the 1980s, cable television was carrying regular season college games and even high school championships in some states. Players like Bill Russell, Wilt Chamberlain, and Lew Alcindor (Kareem Abdul-Jabbar) became nationally famous at the college level and carried their fans along in their professional basketball careers. The womens game changed radically in 1971 when separate rules for women were modified to more closely resemble the mens game. Television interest followed the women as well with broadcast of NCAA championship tourneys beginning in the early 1980s and the formation of the WNBA in 1997. Internationally, Italy has probably become the leading basketball nation outside of the United States, with national, corporate, and professional teams. The Olympics boosts basketball internationally and has also spurred the womens game by recognizing it as an Olympic event in 1976. Again, television coverage of the Olympics has been exceptionally important in drawing attention to international teams. The first professional mens basketball league in the United States was the National Basketball League (NBL), which debuted in 1898. Players were paid on a per-game basis, and this league and others were hurt by the poor quality of games and the ever-changing players on a team. After the Great Depression, a new NBL was organized in 1937, and the Basketball Association of America was organized in 1946. The two leagues came to agree that players had to be assigned to teams on a contract basis and that high standards had to govern the game; under these premises, the two joined to form the National Basketball Association (NBA) in 1949. A rival American Basketball Association (ABA) was inaugurated in 1967 and challenged the NBA for college talent and market share for almost ten years. In 1976, this league disbanded, but four of its teams remained as NBA teams. Unification came just in time for major television support. Several womens professional leagues were attempted and failed, including the Womens Professional Basketball League (WBL) and the Womens World Basketball Association, before the WNBA debuted in 1997 with the support of the NBA. James Naismith, originally from Al-monte, Ontario, invented basketball at the International YMCA Training School in Springfield, Massachusetts, in 1891. The game was first played with peach baskets (hence the name) and a soccer ball and was intended to provide indoor exercise for football players. As a result, it was originally a rough sport. Although ten of Naismiths original thirteen rules remain, the game soon changed considerably, and the founder had little to do with its evolution. The first intercollegiate game was played in Minnesota in 1895, with nine players to a side and a final score of nine to three. A year later, the first five-man teams played at the University of Chicago. Baskets were now constructed of twine nets but it was not until 1906 that the bottom of the nets were open. In 1897, the dribble was first used, field goals became two points, foul shots one point, and the first professional game was played. A year later, the first professional league was started, in the East, while in 1900, the first intercollegiate league began. In 1910, in order to limit rough play, it was agreed that four fouls would disqualify players, and glass backboards were used for the first time. Nonetheless, many rules still differed, depending upon where the games were played and whether professionals, collegians, or YMCA players were involved. College basketball was played from Texas to Wisconsin and throughout the East through the 1920s, but most teams played only in their own regions, which prevented a national game or audience from developing. Professional basketball was played almost exclusively in the East before the 1920s, except when a team would "barnstorm" into the Midwest to play local teams, often after a league had folded. Before the 1930s very few games, either professional or amateur, were played in facilities suitable for basketball or with a perfectly round ball. Some were played in arenas with chicken wire separating the players from fans, thus the word "cagers," others with posts in the middle of the floor and often with balconies overhanging the corners, limiting the areas from which shots could be taken. Until the late 1930s, all players used the two-hand set shot, and scores remained low. Basketball in the 1920s and 1930s became both more organized and more popular, although it still lagged far behind both baseball and college football. In the pros, five urban, ethnic teams excelled and played with almost no college graduates. They were the New York Original Celtics; the Cleveland Rosenblums, owned by Max Rosenblum; Eddie Gottliebs Philadelphia SPHAs (South Philadelphia Hebrew Association); and two great black teams, the New York Renaissance Five and Abe Sapersteins Harlem Globetrotters, which was actually from Chicago. While these teams had some notable players, no superstars, such as Babe Ruth, Jack Dempsey, or Red Grange, emerged to capture the publics attention as they did in other sports of the period. The same was true in college basketball up until the late 1930s, with coaches dominating the game and its development. Walter "Doc" Meanwell at Wisconsin, Forrest "Phog" Allen at Kansas, Ward "Piggy" Lambert at Purdue, and Henry "Doc" Carlson at Pittsburgh all made significant contributions to the games development: zone defenses, the weave, the passing game, and the fast break. In the decade preceding World War II, five events changed college basketball and allowed it to become a major spectator sport. In 1929, the rules committee reversed a decision that would have outlawed dribbling and slowed the game considerably. Five years later, promoter Edward "Ned" Irish staged the first intersectional twin bill in Madison Square Garden in New York City and attracted more than 16,000 fans. He demonstrated the appeal of major college ball and made New York its center. In December 1936, Hank Luisetti of Stanford revealed the virtues of the one-handed shot to an amazed Garden audience and became the first major collegiate star. Soon thereafter, Luisetti scored an incredible fifty points against Duquesne, thus ending the Easts devotion to the set shot and encouraging a more open game. In consecutive years the center jump was eliminated after free throws and then after field goals, thus speeding up the game and allowing for more scoring. In 1938, Irish created the National Invitation Tournament (NIT) in the Garden to determine a national champion. Although postseason tournaments had occurred before, the NIT was the first with major colleges from different regions and proved to be a great financial success. The National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) created its own postseason tournament in 1939 but did not rival the NIT in prestige for some time. The 1940s saw significant changes for college basketball. Players began using the jump shot after Kenny Sailors of Wyoming wowed the East with it in 1943. The behind-the-back dribble and pass also appeared, as did exceptional big men. Bob Kurland at Oklahoma A&M was almost seven feet tall and George Mikan at DePaul was six feet ten inches. While Kurland had perhaps the better college career and played in two Olympics, he chose not to play professional ball, whereas Mikan became the first dominant star in the pros. Their defensive play inspired the rule against goal tending (blocking a shot on its downward flight). Adolph Rupp, who played under Phog Allen, also coached the first of his many talented teams at Kentucky in that decade. However, in 1951, Rupp and six other coaches suffered through a point-shaving scandal that involved thirty-two players at seven colleges and seriously injured college basketball, particularly in New York, where four of the seven schools were located. While the game survived, the NCAA moved its tournament away from Madison Square Garden to different cities each year and the NITs prestige began to decline. Professional basketball remained a disorganized and stodgy sport up until the late 1940s, with barnstorming still central to the game and most players still using the set shot. In 1946, however, hockey owners, led by Maurice Podoloff, created the Basketball Association of America (BAA) in the East to fill their arenas, but few fans came, even after Joe Fulks of Philadelphia introduced the jump shot. The BAAs rival, the National Basketball League, had existed since the 1930s, had better players, like Mikan of the Minneapolis Lakers, Bob Davies of the Rochester Royals, and Dolph Shayes of the Syracuse Nationals, but operated in much worse facilities and did not do much better at attracting audiences. In 1948, Podoloff lured the Lakers, Royals, and two other teams to the BAA and proposed a merger of the two leagues for the 1949–1950 season. The result was the National Basketball Association (NBA), with Podoloff its first commissioner. The seventeen-team league struggled at first but soon reduced its size and gained stability, in large part because of Mikans appeal and Podoloffs skills. Despite the point-shaving scandal, college ball thrived in the 1950s, largely because it had prolific scorers and more great players than in any previous decade. Frank Selvy of Furman and Paul Arizin of Villanova both averaged over forty points