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車(chē)輛與動(dòng)力工程學(xué)院畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)說(shuō)明書(shū)
4座微型客貨兩用車(chē)設(shè)計(jì)
（后驅(qū)動(dòng)橋、后懸設(shè)計(jì)）
摘 要
本設(shè)計(jì)為4座微型客貨兩用車(chē)的后驅(qū)動(dòng)橋、后懸架設(shè)計(jì)。參照現(xiàn)有的生產(chǎn)技術(shù)水平，綜合考慮生產(chǎn)成本，以及使用條件等多種因素, 經(jīng)過(guò)收集各類(lèi)型的后驅(qū)動(dòng)橋、懸架的資料、實(shí)車(chē)觀測(cè)和老師的指導(dǎo)，完成了本次設(shè)計(jì)。
本次設(shè)計(jì)確定采用整體式驅(qū)動(dòng)橋。其主減速器為單級(jí)，采用準(zhǔn)雙曲面齒輪傳動(dòng)，差速器采用普通對(duì)稱(chēng)式圓錐齒輪對(duì)稱(chēng)式圓差速器，全浮式半軸，整體鑄造式驅(qū)動(dòng)橋殼。主減速器齒輪主要設(shè)計(jì)的是雙曲面齒輪的尺寸、校核及材料選擇；差速器主要計(jì)算的是對(duì)稱(chēng)式圓錐齒輪的主要參數(shù)計(jì)算及校核；半軸設(shè)計(jì)主要是根據(jù)強(qiáng)度來(lái)確定半軸的半徑和半軸的結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計(jì)及材料與熱處理；驅(qū)動(dòng)橋橋殼既是承載件又是傳動(dòng)件，因此橋殼需要有足夠的強(qiáng)度和剛度。
后懸架采用鋼板彈簧式非獨(dú)立懸架，其需要計(jì)算的內(nèi)容比較廣泛，但也主要是集中在對(duì)彈性元件的計(jì)算上。計(jì)算包含了從滿載弧高，各鋼板彈簧片長(zhǎng)度、厚度、寬度，到整個(gè)懸架系統(tǒng)的動(dòng)、靜撓度值的確定。這是因?yàn)樵趹壹芟到y(tǒng)中，鋼板彈簧既是它的彈性元件又是它的導(dǎo)向機(jī)構(gòu)，是其最為重要的部件。
綜合各部分的設(shè)計(jì)與校核的結(jié)果，本次設(shè)計(jì)基本能滿足其設(shè)計(jì)要求。
關(guān)鍵詞：后驅(qū)動(dòng)橋, 整體式，非獨(dú)立懸架，鋼板彈簧
THE DESIGNING FOR THE MINIATURE MOTORCAR TO CARRY PERSONS AND GOODS WITH 4 SEATS
（THE DESIGN OF BACK DRIVING AXLE AND REAR SUSPENSION）
ABSTRACT
This design is for the back driving axle and back suspension of the miniature motorcar to carry persons and goods with 4 seats. According to the existing production technique level, synthesize the consideration production cost, and use the condition etc. various factor. In weeks , there was much useful information about the back driving axle and the rear suspension collected. With the helping of my teacher ,and observation on vehicle in laboratory , this designing is completed.
This design assurance adopts the whole type to drive the bridge. Its lord decelerates the machine as single class, the adoption allows a curved face wheel gear to spread to move, differ soon the machine adopt the common and symmetry type cone wheel gear symmetry type circle differ soon machine, the whole float type half stalk, hurtle to cast the whole type to drive the bridge hull. The lord mainly decelerate the machine wheel gear what to design is a pair of pit and the material choice of size, school of curved faces wheel gear. Bad soon machine mainly what to compute is the main parameter calculation and school pits of the symmetry type cone wheel gear.The half stalk design is mainly the basis strength to certain structure design and material and hot processingses of the radius and half stalk of the half stalks. Drive the bridge bridge hull since is to load the piece and is to spread to move the piece, so the bridge hull needs to have the enough strength and just degree.
The design of the rear suspension adopts unindependent suspension with steeel spring. It has more data computation.There are entire rate of rear suspension, heavy load arch high ,dynamic distortion quantity,the different length of different leaf brade, thickness and width of them.Those are indispensable data in suspension of a vehicle.
The result of design and school pit of comprehensive each part, this time design basic can satisfy it designs the request.
KEY WORDS：back driving axle， the whole type， unindependent suspension，steeel spring
目 錄
第一章 前言............. ...................... ........1
第二章 驅(qū)動(dòng)橋結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計(jì).................................2
§2.1驅(qū)動(dòng)橋的組成與結(jié)構(gòu)方案分析......................2
§2.2 主減速器的結(jié)構(gòu)形式的分析和確定..................2
§2.2.1 主減速器傳動(dòng)齒輪的類(lèi)型......................2
§2.2.2 主減速器的減速形式..........................3
§2.3差速器的方案分析及確定......................... .3
§2.4半軸............................................3
§2. 5驅(qū)動(dòng)橋殼結(jié)構(gòu)方案分析............................4
第三章 驅(qū)動(dòng)橋尺寸計(jì)算 .................................5
§3.1主減速器的基本參數(shù)選擇與設(shè)計(jì)計(jì)算................5
§3.1.1主減速比的確定.............................5
§3.1.2主減速器齒輪計(jì)算載荷的確定.................. 5
§3.1.3主減速器齒輪基本參數(shù)的選擇.................. 6
§3.2差速器的基本參數(shù)選擇與設(shè)計(jì)計(jì)算.................17
§3.2.1差速器齒輪的基本參數(shù)的選擇................. 17
§3.2.2差速器齒輪的幾何尺寸設(shè)計(jì)計(jì)算............... 18
§3.3全浮式半軸的設(shè)計(jì)計(jì)算...........................20
§3.4驅(qū)動(dòng)橋橋殼的設(shè)計(jì)計(jì)算...........................21
§3.4.1驅(qū)動(dòng)橋殼結(jié)構(gòu)方案分析....................... 21
§3.4.2驅(qū)動(dòng)橋殼強(qiáng)度計(jì)算........................... 22
第四章 驅(qū)動(dòng)橋強(qiáng)度計(jì)算.................................28
§4.1主減速器準(zhǔn)雙曲面齒輪的強(qiáng)度校核.................28
§4.1.1單位齒長(zhǎng)圓周力............................. 28
§4.1.2輪齒的彎曲強(qiáng)度計(jì)算 ........................29
§4.1.3輪齒的彎曲強(qiáng)度計(jì)算......................... 30
§4.2差速器齒輪的強(qiáng)度計(jì)算...........................30
§4.3半軸強(qiáng)度計(jì)算...................................31
§4.3.1半軸扭轉(zhuǎn)應(yīng)力............................... 31
§4.3.2半軸的最大扭轉(zhuǎn)角........................... 31
第五章 軸承的壽命計(jì)算.................................33
§5.1主減速器主動(dòng)錐齒輪支承軸承的計(jì)算...............33
§5.1.1主減速器主動(dòng)齒輪上的當(dāng)量轉(zhuǎn)矩的計(jì)算....... 33
§5.1.2主從動(dòng)錐齒輪齒面寬中點(diǎn)處的圓周力p的計(jì)算....33
§5.1.3雙曲面齒輪的軸向力與徑向力的計(jì)算........... 33
§5.1.4懸臂式支承主動(dòng)錐齒輪的軸承徑向載荷的確定... 34
§5.1.5軸承壽命的計(jì)算............................. 35
§5.2從動(dòng)齒輪支承軸承校核...........................36
§5.2.1單級(jí)主減速器從動(dòng)齒輪支承軸承徑向載荷的確定. 36
§5.2.2軸承壽命計(jì)算............................... 36
第六章 后懸架結(jié)構(gòu)分析.................................38
§6.1懸架概述.......................................38
§6.2懸架結(jié)構(gòu)形式和布置的分析.......................38
第七章 后懸架參數(shù)確定和尺寸計(jì)算.......................40
§7.1總體布置及其基本參數(shù)...........................40
§7.2彈性元件的設(shè)計(jì)計(jì)算.............................40
§7.2.1鋼板彈簧的布置方案......................... 40
§7.2.2鋼板彈簧結(jié)構(gòu)尺寸參數(shù)計(jì)算................... 40
§7.3后懸架減振器的設(shè)計(jì)與計(jì)算....................... 47
§7.3.1選取相對(duì)阻尼系數(shù)..........................47
§7.3.2最大卸荷力的確定..........................47
§7.3.3減振器工作缸直徑D的確定....................47
第八章 結(jié) 論..........................................48
參考文獻(xiàn)...............................................49
致謝...................................................50
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