小學(xué)英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法及習(xí)題 (2)

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1、小學(xué)英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法及習(xí)題 一、名詞復(fù)數(shù)規(guī)則 1．一般情況下，直接加-s，如：book-books, bag-bags, cat-cats, bed-beds 2．以s. x. sh. ch結(jié)尾，加-es，如：bus-buses, box-boxes, brush-brushes, watch-watches 3．以“輔音字母+y”結(jié)尾，變y為i, 再加-es，如：family-families, strawberry-strawberries 4．以“f或fe”結(jié)尾，變f或fe為v, 再加-es，如：knife-knives 5．不規(guī)則名詞復(fù)數(shù)： man-men, woman-wome

2、n, policeman-policemen, policewoman-policewomen, mouse-mice child-children foot-feet,.tooth-teeth fish-fish, people-people, Chinese-Chinese, Japanese-Japanese 寫出下列各詞的復(fù)數(shù) I _________him _________this ___________her ______ watch _______child _______photo ________diary ______ day________ foot___

3、_____ book_______ dress ________ tooth_______ sheep ______box_______ strawberry _____ thief _______yo-yo ______ peach______ sandwich ______ man______ woman_______ paper_______?????? juice___________ water________ milk________ rice__________ tea__________ 二、一般現(xiàn)在時(shí) 一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)基本用法介紹 　　【No. 1】一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的功能

4、 　　1.表示事物或人物的特征、狀態(tài)。如：The sky is blue.天空是藍(lán)色的。 　　2.表示經(jīng)常性或習(xí)慣性的動(dòng)作。如：I get up at six every day.我每天六點(diǎn)起床。 　　3.表示客觀現(xiàn)實(shí)。如：The earth goes around the sun.地球繞著太陽(yáng)轉(zhuǎn)。 　　一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的構(gòu)成 　　1. be動(dòng)詞：主語(yǔ)+be(am,is,are)+其它。如： 　　I am a boy.我是一個(gè)男孩。 　　2.行為動(dòng)詞：主語(yǔ)+行為動(dòng)詞(+其它)。如： 　　We study English.我們學(xué)習(xí)英語(yǔ)。 　　當(dāng)主語(yǔ)為第三人稱單數(shù)(he, she,it

5、)時(shí)，要在動(dòng)詞后加"-s"或"-es"。如：Mary likes Chinese.瑪麗喜歡漢語(yǔ)。 　　一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的變化 　　1. be動(dòng)詞的變化。 　　否定句：主語(yǔ)+ be + not +其它。 　　如：He is not a worker.他不是工人。 　　一般疑問(wèn)句：Be +主語(yǔ)+其它。 　　如：-Are you a student? 　　　　-Yes. I am. / No, I'm not. 　　特殊疑問(wèn)句：疑問(wèn)詞+一般疑問(wèn)句。如：Where is my bike? 　　2.行為動(dòng)詞的變化。 　　否定句：主語(yǔ)+ don't( doesn't ) +動(dòng)詞原形(+其它

6、)。如： 　　I don't like bread. 　　當(dāng)主語(yǔ)為第三人稱單數(shù)時(shí)，要用doesn't構(gòu)成否定句。如： 　　He doesn't often play. 　　一般疑問(wèn)句：Do( Does ) +主語(yǔ)+動(dòng)詞原形+其它。如： 　　- Do you often play football? 　　- Yes, I do. / No, I don't. 　　當(dāng)主語(yǔ)為第三人稱單數(shù)時(shí)，要用does構(gòu)成一般疑問(wèn)句。如： 　　- Does she go to work by bike? 　　- Yes, she does. / No, she doesn't. 　　特殊疑問(wèn)句：

7、疑問(wèn)詞+一般疑問(wèn)句。如：How does your father go to work? 動(dòng)詞+s的變化規(guī)則 1．一般情況下，直接加-s，如：cook-cooks, milk-milks 2．以s. x. sh. ch. o結(jié)尾，加-es，如：guess-guesses, wash-washes, watch-watches, go-goes 3．以“輔音字母+y”結(jié)尾，變y為i, 再加-es，如：study-studies 一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)用法專練: 一、 寫出下列動(dòng)詞的第三人稱單數(shù) drink ________ go _______ stay ________ make ____

8、____ look _________ have_______ pass_______???? carry ____ come________????? watch______ plant_______ fly ________ study_______ brush________ do_________???? teach_______ 二、用括號(hào)內(nèi)動(dòng)詞的適當(dāng)形式填空。 1. He often ________(have) dinner at home. 2. Daniel and Tommy _______(be) in Class One. 3. We _______(no

9、t watch) TV on Monday. 4. Nick _______(not go) to the zoo on Sunday. 5. ______ they ________(like) the World Cup? 6. What _______they often _______(do) on Saturdays? 7. _______ your parents _______(read) newspapers every day? 8. The girl _______(teach) us English on Sundays. 9. She and I _____

10、___(take) a walk together every evening. 10. There ________(be) some water in the bottle. 11. Mike _______(like) cooking. 12. They _______(have) the same hobby. 13. My aunt _______(look) after her baby carefully. 14. You always _______(do) your homework well. 15. I _______(be) ill. I’m staying

11、 in bed. 16. She _______(go) to school from Monday to Friday. 17. Liu Tao _______(do) not like PE. 18. The child often _______(watch) TV in the evening. 19. Su Hai and Su Yang _______(have) eight lessons this term. 20.???? －What day _______(be) it today? － It’s Saturday.三、按照要求改寫句子 1. Daniel w

12、atches TV every evening.(改為否定句) ___________________________________________________ 2. I do my homework every day.(改為一般疑問(wèn)句，作否定回答) ________________________________________________________ 3. She likes milk.(改為一般疑問(wèn)句，作肯定回答) ___________________________ 4. Amy likes playing computer games.(改為一般疑問(wèn)句

13、，作否定回答) ___________________________________________________ 5. We go to school every morning.(改為否定句) _______________________________________________________ 6. He speaks English very well.(改為否定句) ___________________________________________________ 7. I like taking photos in the park.(對(duì)劃線部分提問(wèn))

14、 ________________________________________________________ 8. John comes from Canada.(對(duì)劃線部分提問(wèn)) ___________________________________________________ 9. She is always a good student.(改為一般疑問(wèn)句，作否定回答) ________________________________________________________ 10. Simon and Daniel like going skating.(改為否

15、定句) ___________________________________________________ 五、改錯(cuò)(劃出錯(cuò)誤的地方，將正確的寫在橫線上) 1. Is???? your brother speak English????????? __________________ 2. Does he likes going fishing????????????? __________________ 3. He likes play games after class.???????? __________________ 4. Mr. Wu teachs us Eng

16、lish.??????????????? __________________ 5. She don’t do her homework on Sundays. _________________ 三、現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí) 1．現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)表示現(xiàn)在正在進(jìn)行或發(fā)生的動(dòng)作，也可表示當(dāng)前一段時(shí)間內(nèi)的活動(dòng)或現(xiàn)階段正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作。 2．現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)的肯定句基本結(jié)構(gòu)為be+動(dòng)詞ing. 3．現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)的否定句在be后加not。 4．現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)的一般疑問(wèn)句把be動(dòng)詞調(diào)到句首。 5．現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)的特殊疑問(wèn)的基本結(jié)構(gòu)為： 疑問(wèn)詞 + be + 主語(yǔ) + 動(dòng)詞ing? ????? 但疑問(wèn)詞當(dāng)主語(yǔ)時(shí)其結(jié)構(gòu)為：

17、?????? 疑問(wèn)詞 + be + 動(dòng)詞ing? 動(dòng)詞加ing的變化規(guī)則 1．一般情況下，直接加ing，如：cook-cooking 2．以不發(fā)音的e結(jié)尾，去e加ing，如：make-making, taste-tasting 3．如果末尾是一個(gè)元音字母和一個(gè)輔音字母，雙寫末尾的輔音字母，再加ing，如：run-running, stop-stopping 現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)專項(xiàng)練習(xí)： 一、寫出下列動(dòng)詞的現(xiàn)在分詞： play________ run__________ swim _________make__________ go_________ like________???? w

18、rite________ _ski___________ read________ have_________ sing???? ________ dance_________ put_________ see________ buy _________ love____________ live_______ take_________ come ________???? get_________ stop_________ sit ________ begin________ shop___________ 二、用所給的動(dòng)詞的正確形式填空： 1.The boy ______

19、____________ ( draw)a picture now. 2. Listen .Some girls _______________ ( sing)in the classroom . 3. My mother _________________ ( cook )some nice food???? now. 4. What _____ you ______ ( do ) now? 5. Look . They _______________( have) an English lesson . 6.They ____________(not ,water) the fl

20、owers now. 7.Look! the girls ________________(dance )in the classroom . 8.What is our granddaughter doing? She _________(listen ) to music. ???? 9. It’s???? 5???? o’clock now. We _____________(have)supper now 10.______Helen____________(wash )clothes? Yes ,she is . 三、句型轉(zhuǎn)換： 1. They are doing hou

21、sework .(分別改成一般疑問(wèn)句和否定句) _____________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________ 2．The students are cleaning the classroom . ( 改一般疑問(wèn)句并作肯定和否定回答) _________________________________________________________________ __________________

22、_______________________________________________ 3．I’m playing the football in the playground .(對(duì)劃線部分進(jìn)行提問(wèn)) _________________________________________________________________ 4．Tom is reading books in his study . (對(duì)劃線部分進(jìn)行提問(wèn)) 四、將來(lái)時(shí) 一、概念：表示將要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)及打算、計(jì)劃或準(zhǔn)備做某事。句中一般有以下時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)：tomorrow, next day(wee

23、k, month, year…),soon, the day after tomorrow（后天）等。 二、基本結(jié)構(gòu)：①be going to + do； ②will+ do. 三、否定句：在be動(dòng)詞（am, is, are）后加not或情態(tài)動(dòng)詞will后加not成won’t。 例如：I’m going to have a picnic this afternoon.→ I’m not going to have a picnic this afternoon. 四、一般疑問(wèn)句： be或will提到句首，some改為any, and改為or，第一二人稱互換。 例如：We are

24、 going to go on an outing this weekend. → Are you going to go on an outing this weekend? 五、對(duì)劃線部分提問(wèn)。一般情況，一般將來(lái)時(shí)的對(duì)劃線部分有三種情況。 1.???????? 問(wèn)人。Who 例如：I’m going to New York soon. →Who’s going to New York soon. 2.???????? 問(wèn)干什么。What … do.例如： My father is going to watch a race with me this??? afternoon. →W

25、hat is your father going to do with you this afternoon. 3.??????? 問(wèn)什么時(shí)候。When.例如：She’s going to go to bed at nine. →When is she going???? to bed? 六、同義句：be going to = will I am going to go swimming tomorrow（明天）. = I will go swimming tomorrow. 練習(xí)： 填空。 1.???? 我打算明天和朋友去野炊。 I_____ _______ _______

26、__ have a picnic with my friends. I ________ have a picnic with my friends. 2.???? 下個(gè)星期一你打算去干嘛? 我想去打籃球。 What ________ ________ _________ _________ _________ next Monday? I _______ ______ _____ play basketball. What _________ you do next Monday? I ________ play basketball. 3.?????????? 你媽媽這個(gè)周末去購(gòu)

27、物嗎？是，她要去買一些水果。 _____ your mother _______ ________ go shopping this ___________? Yes, she _________. She ______ ________ __________ buy some fruit. 4.?????????? 你們打算什么時(shí)候見面。 What time _______ you _________ __________ meet? 改句子。 5.?????????? Nancy is going to go camping.（改否定） Nancy ________ goi

28、ng to go camping. 6.?????????? I’ll go and join them.（改否定） I _______ go ______ join them. 7.?????????? I’m going to get up at 6:30 tomorrow.（改一般疑問(wèn)句） ________ _______ ________ to get up at 6:30 tomorrow? 8.?????????? We will meet at the bus stop at 10:30.（改一般疑問(wèn)句） _______ ________ meet at the bu

29、s stop at 10:30. 9.?????????? She is going to listen to music after school.（對(duì)劃線部分提問(wèn)） ________ _______ she ________ ________ _________ after school? 10.?????????? My father and mother are going to see a play the day after tomorrow.(同上) _________ _________ going to see a play the day after tomorro

30、w 全身心記憶法 　　 根據(jù)測(cè)試，參與記憶單詞的器官和身體部位越多，單詞在大腦中的印象就越深刻，記憶的時(shí)間也就越長(zhǎng)。邊讀邊寫邊記，除讀記所使用的發(fā)音器官和身體的其它部位外，大腦中樞還要指揮大臂帶動(dòng)小臂，小臂帶動(dòng)手掌，手掌帶動(dòng)手指，從而正確地書寫單詞。這種方法避免了"小和尚念經(jīng)"，因?yàn)橹灰⒁饬Σ患?，書寫馬上就出錯(cuò)。書寫既是大腦中樞的執(zhí)行行為，又是大腦中樞的監(jiān)察器。 　　 聯(lián)系記憶法 　　 聯(lián)系記憶法就是在記憶單詞的過(guò)程中，不去孤立地記一個(gè)詞或詞組，而是把它與同義詞、反義詞、相關(guān)詞、句、篇等聯(lián)系起來(lái)記憶。 　　 同義記憶與近義記憶 　　 掌握一個(gè)詞或詞

31、組的同義詞和近義詞或者其解釋是掌握該語(yǔ)言重要的一環(huán)。只有這樣，才能初步做到用英語(yǔ)進(jìn)行思維，而用英語(yǔ)思維是掌握英語(yǔ)的一個(gè)標(biāo)志。 　　 同類記憶與比較記憶 　　 同類記憶的涵蓋面很廣，如詞性同類、動(dòng)物同類、植物同類、事情同類、物品同類等。如我們可以把邊際從屬連詞放在一起記憶。比較記憶是把詞形相近或意義相近的詞放在一起對(duì)比記憶。這樣記憶可以辨別詞義，準(zhǔn)確使用詞匯。 　　 聯(lián)想記憶 　　 "聯(lián)想是釣鉤，在茫茫的藝海中，它能準(zhǔn)確地鉤住你所識(shí)記的事物。"聯(lián)想越豐富，越多彩，記憶的藝術(shù)也就越高超。記憶以聯(lián)想為基礎(chǔ)；聯(lián)想又是記憶的一種方法。聯(lián)想又分為類似聯(lián)想、類別聯(lián)想和詞、句、

32、篇聯(lián)想。 　　 無(wú)意識(shí)記憶法 　　 無(wú)意識(shí)記憶并不是無(wú)注意力記憶，而是時(shí)間分散記憶。這種方法特別適合于工作忙碌的人。首先準(zhǔn)備一個(gè)袖珍筆記本，將要記憶的單詞寫在筆記本上。只要有時(shí)間就拿出來(lái)讀讀。這些單詞見多了對(duì)你就會(huì)產(chǎn)生感情，你一定能記住，因?yàn)槊孔x記一遍，就在你的大腦中加深一層印象。這樣記憶的單詞可長(zhǎng)久不忘，并能隨時(shí)想起，是一種很好的長(zhǎng)時(shí)記憶法。 　　 構(gòu)詞記憶法 　　 利用英語(yǔ)詞匯的構(gòu)詞規(guī)律，內(nèi)在結(jié)構(gòu)記憶單詞是一種理性地使自己詞匯量膨脹起來(lái)的方法。英語(yǔ)單詞是由詞素構(gòu)成的，詞素分為自由詞素和粘附詞素。記憶單詞主要是記自由詞素，因?yàn)橛行┳杂稍~素可以充當(dāng)詞根，詞根加詞綴構(gòu)成許多派生詞。構(gòu)詞法主要有三種：轉(zhuǎn)化、合成和派生。